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黄河在宋代以后的决口与泛滥,导致大堤、二堤等各种各样堤坝的修筑,进而形成明清时期大面积的滩区,明清两代黄河沿岸的民众,逐步在滩区进行耕作与居住,并形成了相应的农作物种植结构。清代中后期,黄河滩区的状况基本为中央、地方各级政府所熟知,并曾一度试图对滩地进行全面管理,但因黄河的具体情况、极高的行政成本而放弃。黄河滩区对沿岸城市、乡村的社会生活产生了巨大的影响,尤其作为当时河南省会的开封,虽然滩区一定程度上改善了民众的生活水平,但带来更多的则是痛苦的意象。因此,彻底解决滩区问题,需要结合历史与现实,提出系统性的措施。
The burst and spread of the Yellow River after the Song Dynasty led to the construction of various levees such as the levee and the second bank and the formation of a large area of beach area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The people along the Yellow River in the Ming and Qing dynasties gradually cultivated Living, and formed the corresponding crop planting structure. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the status quo of the Yellow River beach area was basically well known to the central and local governments at various levels and once tried to comprehensively manage the beach land. However, it was abandoned due to the specific conditions of the Yellow River and the extremely high administrative costs. The Yellow River beach area exerted a tremendous influence on the social life of the coastal cities and villages. In particular, as the then capital city of Kaifeng in Henan Province, although the beach area improved people’s standard of living to a certain extent, it brought more painful images. Therefore, to completely solve the beach area problems, we need to combine the history with the reality and put forward systematic measures.