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借助激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜、辉光放电质谱仪和X射线衍射仪等手段研究了真空蒸发冷凝制备超细Cu粉的方法及规律。实验表明,金属Cu的蒸发速率受蒸发温度和真空度的影响较大,所得Cu粉为面心立方晶体,形状规则,平均粒径小于2μm,分散性好,而且在真空条件下有利于制备高纯Cu粉。考察了蒸发温度、真空度、保温时间和冷凝条件四个因素对超细Cu粉粒度和形貌的影响规律,并用成核理论进行了分析。
The methods and rules of ultrafine Cu powder prepared by vacuum evaporation and condensation were studied by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, glow discharge mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results show that the evaporation rate of metal Cu is greatly affected by the evaporation temperature and the degree of vacuum. The obtained Cu powder is a face-centered cubic crystal with a regular shape with an average particle size of less than 2 μm and good dispersibility, and is favorable for preparation of high Pure Cu powder. The effects of evaporation temperature, vacuum degree, holding time and condensation conditions on the grain size and morphology of ultrafine Cu powder were investigated. The nucleation theory was used to analyze the influence of the factors.