辐射育种电离辐射能引起农作物很大的变异,对改良作物的某一特性比较有效,辐射后的突变稳定较快,一般三、四年即可定型,是一种新的育种方法。油菜辐射育种,一般取干种子外照射,采用γ射线和快中子处理。根据我们试验,剂量率在每分钟30～40伦的情况下,照射油菜干种子的半致死剂量大致是7—9万伦;快中子的半致死剂量是每秒、每平方厘米通量10~(12)～10~(13)个中子。—般系统选育的品种,遗传保守性较强,辐射后代产生的变异较少,而杂交种的遗传性比较动摇,可塑性大,因此采用杂交后 Radiation breeding ionizing radiation can cause a great variety of crops, to improve the characteristics of a crop more effective, radiation mutation stable and rapid, generally three or four years to shape, is a new breeding method. Radiation breeding canola, the general take dry seeds outside the irradiation, the use of gamma rays and fast neutron processing. According to our experiments, the lethal dose of dry seeds exposed to rapeseed is about 7-9 million at a dose rate of 30- 40 minutes per minute; the median lethal dose of fast neutrons is 10 per second per square centimeter ~ (12) ~ 10 ~ (13) neutrons. --Generic system selection of varieties, genetic conservation is strong, less variation of radiation offspring, and hybrids are more hereditary, plasticity, so the use of hybridization