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目的观察喉罩和气管插管两种气道管理方法在小儿短小手术麻醉中的效果和安全性。方法选择短小手术60例患儿,随机分为喉罩组(LMA组)和气管插管组(ETT组)各30例。比较两组患儿在诱导前(T0)、喉罩或气管导管置入后(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术开始15min(T3)和拔出喉罩或气管导管时(T4)的心率和平均动脉压,并记录麻醉恢复过程中拔管时间、清醒时间和手术后不良反应。结果 LMA组患儿各麻醉监测点血液动力学较ETT组平稳。LMA组拔管时间为(63.5±6.8)秒,清醒时间为(120.7±11.2)秒;ETT组拔管时间为(332.6±68.2)秒,清醒时间为(491.5±112.9)秒,LMA组拔管时间和清醒时间与ETT组比较均明显缩短。LMA组在麻醉恢复时有2例出现呛咳,ETT组有12例出现呛咳。结论喉罩在小儿短小手术中的应用是安全可行的。
Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of two kinds of airway management methods of laryngeal mask and tracheal intubation in pediatric short-operative anesthesia. Methods Sixty children undergoing short operation were randomly divided into laryngeal mask group (LMA group) and tracheal intubation group (ETT group) with 30 cases each. The differences between the two groups before (T0), after laryngeal mask or endotracheal tube placement (T1), at the beginning of surgery (T2), 15 minutes after surgery (T3) and when the laryngeal mask or endotracheal tube was removed Heart rate and mean arterial pressure. The extubation time, awake time and adverse reaction after anesthesia recovery were recorded. Results The hemodynamics of each anesthesia monitoring point in LMA group was more stable than ETT group. The extubation time was (63.5 ± 6.8) seconds in LMA group and (120.7 ± 11.2) seconds in wakefulness group; the extubation time was (332.6 ± 68.2) seconds in ETT group and (491.5 ± 112.9) Time and awake time compared with ETT group were significantly shortened. Two patients in the LMA group had cough during anesthesia recovery and 12 patients in the ETT group had cough. Conclusion The application of laryngeal mask in pediatric short operation is safe and feasible.