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一般来说,国有企业的作用主要是:第一,弥补市场缺陷;第二,发展战略性民族产业;第三,作为公有制的实现形式之一,体现公有制经济的决定性力量。前两个作用体现了市场经济的共性,后一个作用体现了社会主义市场经济的特性。问题是,在全社会的企业群体结构中,国有企业究竟具有怎样的性质,应该居于怎样的地位,发挥怎样的作用呢?这是一个关系到中国国有企业改革的根本方向的基本理论问题。
In general, the role of state-owned enterprises is mainly to: first, make up for market deficiencies; secondly, develop strategic national industries; and third, as a form of public ownership, reflect the decisive power of the public sector economy. The first two roles embody the commonness of the market economy, and the latter role reflects the characteristics of the socialist market economy. The question is: What kind of character does the state-owned enterprise have in the structure of the corporate community in the entire society and what kind of role it should play? This is a basic theoretical issue related to the fundamental direction of China's state-owned enterprise reform.