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本项研究是为由旱獭皮能否引起人群感染鼠疫提供科学依据。应用细菌学、血清学和流行病学的方法对12953张喜马拉雅旱獭皮、297只旱獭尾、567只旱獭足的检验结果表明,仅有2份旱獭皮材料经复判确定为鼠疫F1阳性,其滴度分别为1:100和1:200,但将其接种小白鼠未分离到鼠疫菌,余者皆为阴性结果。实验感染之旱獭剥皮后随即取材检验的阳性率为100％;旱獭皮最后一次检菌阳性率为98.3％,其中一份为阴性结果;旱獭皮检苗转阴后取材检验F1抗原的阳性率为26.6％。随着时间的延长阳性率和滴度均逐渐下降。由此可见F1抗原在旱獭皮上的存留时间显然要长于鼠疫菌在其上的存活时间。研究指出:必须严禁在活动疫源地内狩猎旱獭,要延长旱獭皮在现场的存放时间,要加强对狩猎人员和经营旱獭皮贸易人员的管理,对其进行必要的鼠防知识培训。
This study is to provide a scientific basis for whether the marmot skin can cause human infection of the plague. Bacteriological, serological and epidemiological methods were used to test the results of 12953 Himalayan marmot skins and 297 marmots tail and 567 marmota feet. The results showed that only 2 skimmilk skin samples were confirmed as plague F1 positive by repeated trial. The titers were 1: 100 and 1: 200, respectively, but the mice inoculated with them did not isolate Y. pestis and the others were negative. The positive rate of the test-infected otters was 100% immediately after skin peeling; the positive rate of the last test of bacteria was 98.3%, one of them was negative; the positive rate of F1 antigen was 26.6%. As time went by, the positive rate and titer decreased gradually. This shows that F1 antigen in the marmot skin retention time is clearly longer than Yersinia pestis in its survival time. The study pointed out that it is strictly forbidden to hunt marmot in the active foci, to extend the storage time of the marmot skins in the field, and to strengthen the management of the huntsmen and the traders operating the marmot skins, and train them in the necessary rat defense knowledge.