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碳纳米管是一种新型碳材料,是碳的同素异形体,其合成方法主要有4种:电弧法、激光法、化学气相沉积法、燃烧法。燃烧法可以同时提供碳纳米管生长所必需的热源、碳源、催化剂,具有实验设备简单、常压下即可制备等优点,是目前研究合成碳纳米管的热点技术。综述了该领域国内外的研究状况,详细介绍了各自的实验设备及方法,分析比较了各种方法的优缺点。重点阐述介绍了一种新的合成方法——V型热解火焰法,通过实验证明其是一种较好的碳纳米管制备方法。该方法可以实现碳纳米管的可控制生长,并且能实现工业化生产,是一种极具发展潜力的燃烧合成技术。
Carbon nanotubes are a new kind of carbon material, allotrope of carbon. There are mainly four kinds of synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes: arc method, laser method, chemical vapor deposition method and combustion method. The combustion method can simultaneously provide the heat source, the carbon source and the catalyst which are necessary for the growth of carbon nanotubes, have the advantages of simple experimental equipment and preparation under atmospheric pressure, and are currently the hot technologies for synthesizing carbon nanotubes. The research status in this field in China and abroad are summarized. Their respective experimental equipments and methods are introduced in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed and compared. A new synthesis method, v-type pyrolysis flame method, is emphatically described. It is proved by experiments that it is a better preparation method of carbon nanotubes. The method can realize controlled growth of carbon nanotubes and can realize industrialized production, and is a combustion synthesis technology with great potential for development.