一一个半世纪以前,马克思、恩格斯完成了社会主义发展史上的第一次飞跃,社会主义从空想变成了科学。马克思主义的科学社会主义理论成了后来社会主义实践的指导,但是它同时必须经受实践的检验,在实践中不断加以补充、修正和发展。马、恩逝世以后的一个世纪中,社会历史条件发生了巨大的变化,在崭新的历史环境中,原来的社会主义理论拿来付诸 A century and a half ago, Marx and Engels completed the first leap in the history of the development of socialism and socialism turned from fantasy into science. Marxist theory of scientific socialism became the guide of later socialist practice. However, it must at the same time withstand the test of practice and be constantly supplemented, revised and developed in practice. In the century after Ma and Eun died, great changes have taken place in the social and historical conditions. In the brand-new historical environment, the original theory of socialism was used