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原型在原型理论中被认为是一个范畴内部的最典型,最好的样本,其他的范畴成员与原型样本具有一定的相似性,并按照与原型样本相似程度的高低,成等级分布。自从汉语引进基本词汇以来,有关基本词汇的划分标准(或特点),虚词到底是不是基本词汇,基本词汇与一般词汇的划分等等,这些问题引起了语言学界广泛及长时间的争论。有的问题已经得到了一些共识,文章试从原型的角度去更清晰地理解这几个语言学界主要争论的问题。
Prototypes are considered as the most typical and best samples within a category in the prototype theory. Other category members have some similarities with the prototype samples, and are distributed in a hierarchy according to their similarities with the prototype samples. Since the introduction of basic Chinese vocabulary, there are wide ranging and protracted debates over the criteria (or traits) of basic vocabulary, the basic vocabulary of virtual words, the division of basic words into general words, and so on. Some issues have been some consensus, the article tries to understand more clearly from the prototype point of view the main arguments of these linguistic circles.