转化是解决数学问题的一个重要思想方法。转化的基本原则,主要有熟悉化原则、简单化原则、具体化原则、和谐化原则。这些原则在小学数学中都得到了体现。了解并善于运用这些原则,对于开拓学生的思路是大有裨益的。①熟悉化就是把我们感到生疏的问题转化成比较熟悉的问题,以便利用我们已有的知识加以解决。例1 计算圆的面积。教材中是把圆分成若干等份,然后把它剪开,再拼起来,得到一个近似于长方形的图形(分得愈细,拼成的图形愈接近于长方形),从而把求圆面积的问题转化为求长方形面积的问题,并通过计算熟悉的长 Transformation is an important way to solve mathematical problems. The basic principles of conversion are: familiarization principle, simplification principle, materialization principle and harmonization principle. These principles are reflected in elementary mathematics. To understand and be good at using these principles is of great help to our students' thinking. ① Familiarization is the transformation of our familiar problems into more familiar ones so that we can use our existing knowledge to solve them. Example 1 Calculate the area of ​​the circle. Textbook is the circle is divided into several equal parts, and then cut it open, and then spell together to get a graph similar to a rectangle (divided into more detailed, spell into the shape of the more close to the rectangle), thus seeking the problem of circular area Translate the problem into finding a rectangular area and calculate the familiar length by