一、商品生产与商品交换在时间上的先后商品交换是商品的相互让渡或出卖,包括物物交换和以货币为媒介的商品流通。第一次社会大分工,使劳动效率有了明显的提高,产品逐渐多了起来,除供本部落成员需要外,还有剩余。原始公社之间最早出现的剩余产品交换,是商品交换的萌芽状态。当时用来交换的只限 I. The successive exchange of commodities and commodity exchanges in time is the mutual transfer or sale of commodities, including the exchange of goods and the circulation of goods through currency. The first social division of labor resulted in a marked increase in labor efficiency and the gradual increase of products. In addition to the needs of the members of this tribe, there was still surplus. The earliest exchange of surplus products between the original communes was the embryonic state of commodity exchange. At the time, only for exchange