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早在两千多年前,希腊学者阿基米德就发现了浮力定律,即著名的阿基米德定律。这个定律的内容是:物体浸在液体里所受的浮力的大小在数值上等于该物体所排开同体积液体的重量,方向总是向上。现在一般的教科书上是用实验证实和根据物体浸在液体中上下底面所受到压强的差别来推导它的。无疑,这两种方法,过程简便,说服力强。这里想介绍另一种理论推导方法,即从功和能的关系来推导它。
As early as two thousand years ago, the Greek scholar Archimedes discovered the buoyancy law, the famous Archimedes’ law. The content of this law is that the buoyancy force of an object immersed in a liquid is numerically equal to the weight of the same volume of liquid that the object displaces. The direction is always upward. Nowadays, textbooks in general use empirical proofs and derive them from the difference in pressure exerted on objects by immersing them in liquids. Undoubtedly, these two methods are simple and persuasive. Here I would like to introduce another method of theoretical derivation, which is derived from the relationship between work and energy.