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认知障碍是颅脑外伤的后遗症之一,其中记忆障碍是最常见的认知受损形式。颅脑外伤患者记忆功能的恢复情况直接影响其独立生活功能及社会参与能力。目前,大量临床研究探究了颅脑外伤后记忆功能的康复策略,其方式可归结为直接提高患者的记忆功能,提供环境支持和对患者所需完成的记忆任务进行改良。记忆康复策略通过个人、环境及作业活动3个方面的支持,改善患者的记忆功能,并有效地提高患者在实际的功能活动中的具体表现。该文基于人-环境-作业模式,综述目前已有的颅脑外伤后记忆康复技术相关文献,为临床康复实践提供依据。
Cognitive impairment is one of the sequelae of traumatic brain injury, of which memory impairment is the most common form of cognitive impairment. The recovery of memory function in patients with craniocerebral trauma directly affects their independent life function and social participation ability. Currently, a large number of clinical studies have explored rehabilitation strategies for memory function after traumatic brain injury in ways that directly improve patient memory, provide environmental support, and improve memory tasks that patients need to complete. Memory and recovery strategies improve the memory function of patients through three aspects of personal, environmental and homework activities, and effectively improve the patients’ concrete performance in actual functional activities. Based on the human-environment-operation mode, this article summarizes the existing literatures related to memory and rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury, and provides the basis for clinical rehabilitation practice.