一、“文化危机意识” 在近代中国历史上,自鸦片战争开始,中国人在西方资本主义列强的野蛮侵略面前,产生了严重的生存危机感。无论是地主阶级改革派还是资产阶级维新派和革命派,莫不有着深沉的、刻骨铭心的忧患意识,而五四进步分子的危机意识尤为强烈。早在民国初年,著名记者黄远庸便在很多文章中道出了他对国亡种灭的忧虑心情。他说:“今之民国二年之开始,乃今吾人踧躇悲寂。若大祸之迫于眉睫”。同时期,鲁迅也在《新青 I. “Cultural Crisis Awareness” In the history of modern China, since the Opium War, the Chinese have had a grave sense of existential crisis in the face of the brutal invasion by the Western capitalist powers. Both the landlord class reformist and the bourgeois reformers and the revolutionary have all had deep and unforgettable sense of crisis, and the May Fourth progressive elements are particularly acute about the crisis. As early as the early Republic of China, the famous journalist Huang Yuanyong said in many articles his anxiety about the plan of national extinction. He said: “Now the beginning of the Republic of China two years ago, now I ponder silence, if imminent imminent ”. In the same period, Lu Xun is also "New Youth