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本文通过文献研究,考察了巴西土著语言的教育政策,具体介绍、分析了巴西政府为促进土著语言的传承而制定的政策法规和实践措施,并探讨其动因。研究表明,巴西最主要的政策措施就是建立土著民学校,实行土著语言和官方语言的专门、有区别的双语教学。为此,巴西政府不仅建立了专门的职能部门,而且组织编写适用于不同土著民学校的专用教材,培养土著民双语教师。这些政策措施不仅能促进土著语言的传承,而且也能推动官方语言的传播,加强土著民的国家认同,有利于保障国家的领土和主权完整。
This paper examines the educational policy of indigenous languages in Brazil by literature research, and introduces the policies, regulations and practical measures that Brazilian government has made to promote the inheritance of indigenous languages, and discusses its motivation. Studies show that the main policy measures in Brazil are to establish Aboriginal schools and to carry out specialized bilingual teaching in indigenous and official languages. To this end, the Brazilian government not only established specialized functional departments, but also organized the preparation of special textbooks for different Aboriginal schools to cultivate indigenous bilingual teachers. These policies and measures not only promote the succession of indigenous languages, but also promote the dissemination of official languages, strengthen the national identity of indigenous peoples and ensure the integrity of the country’s territory and sovereignty.