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肾功能随年龄增长而逐渐减退,这已为许多学者所证实。但在一般情况下,衰老的肾脏尚有一定的储备功能,保持机体内环境的稳定性。任何应激情况下,如果增加肾脏负担,就可能发生肾功能不全而出现尿毒症症状。老年人肾脏的组织学改变正常人肾实质、重量随年龄增长而减少,老年人肾重量减轻约20～25%,肾皮质丢失多于髓质。约50%老年肾脏表面不光滑而有颗粒,约14%有疤痕。肾单位数量从50岁起渐减少,70岁时肾单位总量约为青年人的1/2～
Renal function gradually decay with age, which has been confirmed by many scholars. However, under normal circumstances, aging kidneys still have some reserve function to maintain the stability of the body environment. Under any stressful condition, renal insufficiency and uremic symptoms may develop if the burden on the kidneys is increased. Histology of the elderly kidney changes in normal renal parenchyma, weight decreases with age, weight loss in the elderly about 20 to 25%, renal cortical loss than the medulla. About 50% of elderly kidney surface is not smooth and particles, about 14% of the scars. The number of nephrons decreased from the age of 50, the total number of nephrons at age 70 was about 1/2 ~