血液中的血细胞均来自于造血干细胞 ,发育中的脊椎动物的许多结构中都存在造血干细胞。造血过程是一个持续的动态的过程 ,在此过程中 ,造血干细胞及造血祖细胞的活动均要受到各种细胞因子的调节。一些特殊的细胞因子可以作用于多个靶细胞 ,具有多种活性。它们通过与受体的相互作用进行信号转导 ,通过信号转导来调节造血干细胞及祖细胞的生存、增殖、分化及迁移。本文主要就近期对造血细胞特别是髓系干细胞增殖及分化中主要信号转导通路的研究进展作一综述 Blood cells in the blood are derived from hematopoietic stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells are present in many structures of developing vertebrates. The hematopoietic process is a continuous and dynamic process in which the activities of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells are regulated by various cytokines. Some special cytokines can act on multiple target cells and have multiple activities. They signal through interactions with receptors and regulate the survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through signal transduction. This review summarizes recent advances in the major signal transduction pathways involved in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, especially myeloid stem cells