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康熙十七年“博学鸿儒”之征为清初政治史与学术史上一重要事件,然其科名流传,有“鸿儒”“宏词”两种不同的说法。本文利用官方诏令、士人诗文、笔记杂著等资料,分析造成这种歧异的原因,指出康熙虽高悬“鸿儒”之名,却并未接受理学士大夫“师儒”自任的姿态,实际所重,乃是文藻瑰丽的“词臣”。正缘乎此,汉族士大夫自觉或不自觉地转而采用“宏词”之名。通过梳理应考前后文士之舆论,本文希望揭示“文”“学”二端在清初思想世界中的张力,并由此探讨理学、训诂、度数、辞章等不同知识和文化形态的消长。
Seventeen years of Emperor Kangxi “Learned Confucianism ” sign for the early Qing political history and an important event in the history of the academic, but its name circulated, “Hongru ” “macro words ” two different terms. This paper analyzes the reasons causing such a discrepancy by using official dictatorship, scholars’ poetry, and notes and other data. It points out that Kangxi, although it is suspended in the name of “Hongru”, has not accepted the doctorate or master’s degree of Confucianism, Self-appointed attitude, the actual weight, but the magnificent text “” word minister “. It is due to this, the Han nationality doctor consciously or unconsciously turned to use ”macro word " in the name. By combing the scholarly public opinion before and after the exams, this article hopes to reveal the tensions between the two ends of the literary world in the early Qing thought world and to explore different knowledge and cultural forms such as Neo-Confucianism, Exegesis, Growth and decline.