十八世纪中叶,从美国开始了以发明和使用蒸汽机为标志的工业革命,纺织工业、采矿工业和军事工业也迅速发展,从而对加工技术不断地提出新的要求。社会的需要,推动着机械制造和金属切削加工技术迅速提高。最早的蒸汽机在很大程度上是用手工方法制造出来的,不仅劳力消耗大,生产效率低,而且加工精度也满足不了要求。1776年詹姆斯·瓦特(JamesWatt)成功地研究成第一台新型蒸汽 In the mid-eighteenth century, starting with the United States in the industrial revolution marked by the invention and use of steam engines, the textile industry, the mining industry and the military industry also developed rapidly, putting new demands on the processing technology. The needs of society, promote the rapid growth of mechanical manufacturing and metal cutting technology. The earliest steam engine was largely manufactured by hand, not only labor-intensive, low-productivity, but also processing accuracy can not meet the requirements. In 1776 James Watt successfully studied into the first new steam