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鄂伦春族妇女人口为3616人,占其民族人口的一半以上。在漫长的历史发展中,鄂伦春族妇女同男子一道创造出具有独特内容的渔猎文化。今天,从鄂伦春族整体发展来看,随着商品经济的冲击,外界文化的传人,生态环境的破坏,其传统的单一的狩猎文化正消失殆尽。鄂伦春族的发展面临着现实的挑战,探索一条适合鄂伦春民族发展的道路已是当务之急。德国教育家罗倍尔曾说:“国民的命运,与其说是操纵在掌权者手中,倒不如说是握在母亲手中,因此,我们必须去努力启发母亲一人类的教育者”。罗倍尔的这段论述充分肯定了妇女在推动社会发展中的伟大作用。这也就使我们充分认识到,在探索鄂伦春民族发展道路上,应重视发挥妇女的作用。本人认为研究鄂伦春族妇女的发展问题,充分调动广大妇女参加生产,参加改革与竟争,对于促进鄂伦春民族的进步和繁荣将产生重要的意义。下面本文就四个方面,论述鄂伦春族妇女在发展过程中存在的问题及解决的对策。
Olunchun women have a population of 3616, accounting for more than half of their ethnic population. In the long history of development, Oroqen women and men together to create a unique fishing culture. Today, from the perspective of Oroqen’s overall development, with the impact of commodity economy, the spread of external culture and the destruction of ecological environment, its traditional single hunting culture is disappearing. The development of Oroqen is confronted with realistic challenges. It is imperative to explore a suitable road to national development in Oroqen. The German educator Robert Lowe once said: “The fate of the people is not so much manipulated in the hands of the ruler, rather than in the hands of mothers, so we must strive to inspire mothers and men as educators.” This discussion by Robers fully affirms the great role of women in promoting social development. This also enables us to fully realize that in exploring the national development of Oroqen, we should attach importance to the role of women. I think it will be of great significance to study the development of Oroqen women and to mobilize the vast majority of women in production and participation in reform and competition to promote the progress and prosperity of the nation. The following four aspects of this article discusses the Oroqen women in the development process of the problems and solutions.