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《资本论》的研究对象包含客观对象和理论对象,两者的差别既是第一性和第二性的,又是具体与抽象的。从典型的客观对象来看,它表现为一种表象具体,只是一定资本量的运动,看不到人的作用、包含的内在规定、运动条件以及整个资本主义体系大背景,具有抽象性。而理论对象虽然是抽象的,但因为它包含着已经揭示的对象的内在规定、发展趋势,能够达到直接性与间接性的统一,反而比客观对象更为具体。
The object of study of Capital includes both objective and theoretical objects. The difference between the two is not only first and second but also concrete and abstract. From a typical objective object, it appears as an abstract, concrete appearance of a certain amount of capital, an inability to see the human being, the inherent stipulations contained, the conditions of movement, and the overall background of the capitalist system. Although the theoretical object is abstract, it embodies the inherent stipulation and development tendency of the already revealed object, and can achieve the unification of the directness and the indirectness. It is more concrete than the objective object.