有意义的学习必须满足“选择相关信息、组织信息和整合信息”[1]三个条件,它依赖于在学习中的积极认知加工或知识建构。美国加州大学著名心理学家理查德.梅耶认为,有意义的学习需要认真阅读课本信息,否则,即使某个学生积极开动脑筋,也将一无所获,结果将导致“保持不良和迁移不良。”[1]诚然,这只是有意义学习的一个方面。如果课本的信息呈现出来的不是“正有意 Meaningful learning must satisfy the three criteria of ”choosing relevant information, organizing information and integrating information“ [1], which depend on active cognitive processing or knowledge construction in learning. Richard Meyer, a famous psychologist at the University of California, believes that meaningful learning requires careful reading of textbooks, otherwise, even if a student actively uses his or her mind, he will find nothing. As a result, malnutrition and poor migration will result. ”[1] Admittedly, this is only one aspect of meaningful learning. If the textbook information is not presented, "is intended