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以紫色土坡耕地“冬小麦—夏玉米”种植模式为研究对象,通过设置对照处理、复合施用农家肥和化肥、单施化肥、单施化肥增加施肥量、单施化肥横坡垄作5种施肥水平,采用径流小区定点监测的方法,研究了紫色土坡耕地不同施肥水平下泥沙中氮、磷流失特征.结果表明:各施肥水平下土壤表层养分质量百分比有一定程度增加,泥沙养分均发生富集现象,横坡垄作养分富集比小于顺坡耕作,复合施用农家肥化肥有效养分富集比大于全量养分,单一施用化肥全量养分富集比明显大于有效养分,且养分富集比随施肥量增加而增大;各施肥水平下,泥沙流失仅占0.34～6.21%;磷素流失中泥沙流失占78.80～84.83%,磷素流失以泥沙为主.从相对流失系数来看:氮的流失系数由高到低依次为单施化肥、横坡垄作、单施化肥增加施肥量、复合施用农家肥和化肥;磷的流失系数从高到低依次为单施化肥增加施肥量、横坡垄作、单施化肥、复合施用农家肥和化肥.
Based on the cropping patterns of “purple soil” and “winter wheat-summer maize” cultivation in purple soil slope, the fertilization amount was increased by applying contrast treatment, compound fertilizer and manure respectively, Fertilization level and the method of fixed-point monitoring in runoff plots, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in sediment of purple soil sloping farmland under different fertilization levels were studied.The results showed that the percentages of nutrients in soil surface layer increased to a certain extent under different fertilization levels, The enrichment ratio of the compound fertilizers was larger than the total nutrients, the total nutrient enrichment ratio of the single application fertilizers was significantly greater than the effective nutrients, and nutrient enrichment ratio With the increase of fertilization rate, sediment loss accounted for only 0.34 ~ 6.21% at each fertilization level, sediment loss accounted for 78.80 ~ 84.83% of phosphorus loss, and phosphorus loss was mainly sediment.From the relative loss coefficient See: the loss coefficient of nitrogen from high to low were single application of fertilizers, cross slope ridge, fertilizer alone to increase the amount of fertilizer, compound application of manure and fertilizer; phosphorus loss coefficient from high to low in turn Chemical fertilizers increases the amount of fertilizer, Cross Ridge, chemical fertilizer, compound fertilizer and manure.