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将径向偏振光束与环形光瞳滤波技术相结合是实现超分辨显微成像的有效途径之一,而环形光瞳的结构设计是其中的关键技术。基于径向偏振光束的聚焦模型,引入环形光瞳调制入射光束的相位分布,利用遗传算法对光瞳环形半径及调制相位因子进行优化设计,获得了3环、5环和7环结构的光瞳滤波器结构,分别实现了横向、轴向以及三维超分辨。设计的7环形光瞳滤波器可使横向分辨率提升9%且轴向分辨率提升10.76%;在只关心横向或轴向分辨率的情况下,设计的光瞳滤波器可使横向分辨率提升27.67%、轴向分辨率提升16.42%。该光瞳设计方法对于超分辨显微成像的理论分析和应用有一定的指导意义。
The combination of radial polarized beam and annular pupil filtering technology is one of the effective ways to achieve super-resolution microscopy imaging. The structural design of annular pupil is one of the key technologies. Based on the focusing model of radial polarized beam, the ring pupil is introduced to modulate the phase distribution of the incident beam. The pupil ring radius and modulation phase factor are optimized by genetic algorithm, and the pupil of 3-ring, 5-ring and 7-ring structure are obtained. Filter structure, respectively, to achieve a horizontal, axial and three-dimensional super-resolution. The 7-ring circular pupil filter is designed to increase the lateral resolution by 9% and the axial resolution by 10.76%. When the lateral or axial resolution is only concerned, the designed pupil filter can enhance the lateral resolution 27.67%, axial resolution increased by 16.42%. The pupil design method is of guiding significance for the theoretical analysis and application of super-resolution microscopy.