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光纤加速度传感器与传统加速度传感器相比，不但能抗电磁干扰，而且体小、质轻、动态范围宽、精度高、能在恶劣环境下工作，因此受到各先进国家军事与商业领域的极大重视，各种实用的光纤加速度传感器不断涌现。主要有光强调制型和相位调制型两大类。光强调制式有反射式、透射式和偏振式等等。相位调制式有Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｎｄｅｒ干涉仪、Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｓｏｎ干涉仪和Ｆａｂｒｙ－Ｐｅｒｏｔ干涉仪。有一维的，也有二维的；有与水听器组合在一起的，也有与光纤陀螺仪组合的光纤加速度传感器。最小的已经做到２．５ｃｍ长，直径仅０．２５ｍｍ；测量精度已能达到１μｇ；共振频率可达到１０ｋＨｚ。为了克服温度不稳定性对测量精度的影响，人们采用了３×３耦合器解调法，双光路法，由单臂式改成推挽式等。一旦关键技术得以克服，光纤加速度传感器将会在惯性导航和其它领域发挥更重要的作用。本文将分别介绍目前各种类型光纤加速度传感器的结构、特点、走向实用化存在的问题。
Compared with the traditional accelerometer, optical fiber acceleration sensor can not only resist electromagnetic interference, but also has the advantages of small size, light weight, wide dynamic range, high precision and can work under harsh environment. Therefore, the optical fiber acceleration sensor has been greatly valued by the military and commercial fields in various advanced countries , A variety of practical optical fiber acceleration sensors continue to emerge. There are two major categories of light modulation and phase modulation type. Light Modulation system with reflection, transmission and polarization and so on. Phase-modulated Mach-Zender interferometer, Michelson interferometer and Fabry-Perot interferometer. There are one-dimensional, there are two-dimensional; with the hydrophone combination, there are also fiber optic gyroscope optical fiber acceleration sensor combination. The smallest has been done 2.5cm long, the diameter of only 0.25mm; measurement accuracy has reached 1μg; resonant frequency up to 10kHz. In order to overcome the temperature instability on the measurement accuracy, people have adopted the 3 × 3 coupler demodulation method, dual optical method, from one arm to push-pull and so on. Once key technologies are overcome, optical fiber acceleration sensors will play a more important role in inertial navigation and other areas. This article will introduce the current various types of optical fiber acceleration sensor structure, features, practical problems exist.