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常用詞的古今演變大多屬於文白的興替。它們既從共時平面上反映文白使用的狀况,也從歷時角度上反映了白話詞彙替代文言詞彙演變概貌。《訓世評話》比較客觀地反映了15世紀初漢語口語面貌。該資料文白對照,反映出漢語文白歷時更替的基本詞就超過100多組,僅動詞就有60多組。本文以語義爲單位,先選取其中12組動詞,依據其文白對譯例證進行共時描寫和歷時分析,並在前人研究的基礎上,補充和説明明初這類動詞新舊質素的興替概貌,爲近代漢語常用詞的研究提供可靠的斷代證據。
The ancient and modern evolution of commonly used words mostly belong to the rise and fall of the text. They not only reflect the status of the texts used in the synchronic plane, but also reflect the evolution of the vocabularies of the vernacular words from diachronic perspectives. The “Qushi Shi Ping Hua” more objectively reflects the spoken language of Chinese in the early 15th century. This data is a white comparison, reflecting that the basic words of Chinese white diachronic over more than 100 groups, only the verb has more than 60 groups. In this paper, the semantic unit, first select 12 of these groups of verbs, according to their literary texts on the common description and diachronic analysis, and based on previous studies, to supplement and explain the early Ming and Qing verb For the overview, for the modern Chinese commonly used words to provide reliable evidence of dating.