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定语从句在英语中应用极广。英语的定语从句在句中对主句的先行词或整句起限定或连续上文、附带说明的作用。值得注意的是，在各类英语文章中，有些定语从句兼有状语的职能，在意义上表示与主句有原因、结果、目的、条件、让步的关系，相当于一个状语或者状语从句。因此有的语法家称之为状语化的定语从句。翻译时，可加上“因为”、“因此”、“以便”、“如果”、“虽然”等词，译成汉语中相应的偏正复句。有的定语从句相当于一个状语，也可用汉语的单句译出。了解并熟识这种定语从句的含义和译法，对提高阅读和翻译能力是很有裨益的。
下面将含有原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等意义的定语从句分别举例予以介绍。
一、表示原因的定语从句
In learning a language，one should first pay attention to speech，which is the groundwork of reading and writing.
学一门语言，首先应注重说，因为它是读和写的基础。
这里的which is…相当于because it is…的意思。
Men best show their character in trifles，where they are not on their guard。
人们的性格在小节上表现得最为清楚，因为他们在这方面是漫不经心的。
He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.
他三岁就死了父亲，所以记不起他了。
There are no difficulties in finding the city，whose smoke was discernible 60 miles away.
要找到那城市是很容易的，因为它的烟在六十英里以外都可以望见。
二、表示结果的定语从句
He missed the train，which annoyed him very much.
他误了那次火车，这使他心里感到很烦恼。
这里的which annoyed…相当于so that it annoyed…的意思。
（which引导的非限定性定语从句把前面整个句子当作它的先行词，在这种情况下，关系代词总是用which.）
Her head was covered with small curls that made her look wonderfully like a schoolboy.
她满头覆盖着小卷发，使她看起来像一个男学生。
关系代词that只能用于限定性定语从句，不能用于非限定性定语从句。
This sets in motion the Bainbridge reflex by which vagal effect is diminished and the heart rate increases.
这引起Bainbridge氏反射，因此迷走神经作用减弱，而心率加快。
That night such a frost ensued as we had never dreamed of.
那天夜里霜这么大，是从来没有想到的。
翻译such as+定语从句，不宜逐字死译。此句译文，仅供参考。
三、表示目的定语从句
Chinese delegations have been sent to Asian-African countries，who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.
中国代表团已派往亚非国家，以便同各国政府进行贸易协定的谈判。
这里的who will…相当于that they may…的意思。
He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.
他想写一篇文章，以引起公众对这件事情的关注。
He soon learns the antics that take you in.
他很快学会那些怪腔调来骗你们。
这里的that take you in相当于in order to take you in，可译成汉语的连动式，后面take in的动作是前面动作learn的目的。
四、表示条件的定语从句
Pieces of which are left in the rain become rusty.
铁片如果被扔在雨里就生锈。
这里的which are…相当于if they are…的意思。
Anyone who does this is risking his life.
任何人（如果）干这件事，都得冒生命危险。
For any substances whose formula is known，a mass corresponding to the formula can be computed.
不管什么物质，只要知道其分子式，就能计算出与分子式相应的质量。
五、表示让步的定语从句
The problem，which is very complicated，has been solved.
这个问题虽然很复杂，但已经解决了。
这里的which is相当于Although the problem is…的意思。
A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed.
无论装在什么容器里，气体都会把它充满。
Dr.Bethune，who was very tired on his arrival，set to work at once.
白求恩大夫虽然到达时很累，但立即开始工作。
此外，某些定语从句在意义上相当于一个表示时间的状语从句，译为“（当）……时”。例如：
I saw the Greens twice，who visited China last year.
去年格林先生一家访问中国时，我见过他们两次。
这里的who visited…相当于when they visited…的意思。
An electrical current begins to flow through a coil，which is connected across a charged condenser.
当线圈同充电的电容器相联接时，电流就开始流经线圈。
下面将含有原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等意义的定语从句分别举例予以介绍。
一、表示原因的定语从句
In learning a language，one should first pay attention to speech，which is the groundwork of reading and writing.
学一门语言，首先应注重说，因为它是读和写的基础。
这里的which is…相当于because it is…的意思。
Men best show their character in trifles，where they are not on their guard。
人们的性格在小节上表现得最为清楚，因为他们在这方面是漫不经心的。
He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.
他三岁就死了父亲，所以记不起他了。
There are no difficulties in finding the city，whose smoke was discernible 60 miles away.
要找到那城市是很容易的，因为它的烟在六十英里以外都可以望见。
二、表示结果的定语从句
He missed the train，which annoyed him very much.
他误了那次火车，这使他心里感到很烦恼。
这里的which annoyed…相当于so that it annoyed…的意思。
（which引导的非限定性定语从句把前面整个句子当作它的先行词，在这种情况下，关系代词总是用which.）
Her head was covered with small curls that made her look wonderfully like a schoolboy.
她满头覆盖着小卷发，使她看起来像一个男学生。
关系代词that只能用于限定性定语从句，不能用于非限定性定语从句。
This sets in motion the Bainbridge reflex by which vagal effect is diminished and the heart rate increases.
这引起Bainbridge氏反射，因此迷走神经作用减弱，而心率加快。
That night such a frost ensued as we had never dreamed of.
那天夜里霜这么大，是从来没有想到的。
翻译such as+定语从句，不宜逐字死译。此句译文，仅供参考。
三、表示目的定语从句
Chinese delegations have been sent to Asian-African countries，who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.
中国代表团已派往亚非国家，以便同各国政府进行贸易协定的谈判。
这里的who will…相当于that they may…的意思。
He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.
他想写一篇文章，以引起公众对这件事情的关注。
He soon learns the antics that take you in.
他很快学会那些怪腔调来骗你们。
这里的that take you in相当于in order to take you in，可译成汉语的连动式，后面take in的动作是前面动作learn的目的。
四、表示条件的定语从句
Pieces of which are left in the rain become rusty.
铁片如果被扔在雨里就生锈。
这里的which are…相当于if they are…的意思。
Anyone who does this is risking his life.
任何人（如果）干这件事，都得冒生命危险。
For any substances whose formula is known，a mass corresponding to the formula can be computed.
不管什么物质，只要知道其分子式，就能计算出与分子式相应的质量。
五、表示让步的定语从句
The problem，which is very complicated，has been solved.
这个问题虽然很复杂，但已经解决了。
这里的which is相当于Although the problem is…的意思。
A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed.
无论装在什么容器里，气体都会把它充满。
Dr.Bethune，who was very tired on his arrival，set to work at once.
白求恩大夫虽然到达时很累，但立即开始工作。
此外，某些定语从句在意义上相当于一个表示时间的状语从句，译为“（当）……时”。例如：
I saw the Greens twice，who visited China last year.
去年格林先生一家访问中国时，我见过他们两次。
这里的who visited…相当于when they visited…的意思。
An electrical current begins to flow through a coil，which is connected across a charged condenser.
当线圈同充电的电容器相联接时，电流就开始流经线圈。