By means of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment, the microstructure of a TiAl-based alloy was refined. The colony size and lamellar spacing were measured to be 50 μm and 0.12 μm, respectively. The compression mechanical properties were determined at room temperature and the best comprehensive mechanical properties can reach σ_(0.2) of 745.1 MPa, σ_p of 1 672.2 MPa and δ of 19.40%. The improvement of mechanical properties is caused by the microstructural refinement and the phase interface nucleation contributes a lot to the refinement of microstructure. The means of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment, the microstructure of a TiAl-based alloy was refined. The colony size and lamellar spacing were measured to be 50 μm and 0.12 μm, respectively. The compression mechanical properties were determined at room temperature and the best The improvement of mechanical properties is caused by the microstructural refinement and the phase interface nucleation contributes a lot to the refinement of microstructure.