论文部分内容阅读
保罗·科埃略（Paulo Coelho）1947年出生于里约热内卢市一个中产阶级家庭，少年时期便立志成为一名职业作家。受到《一千零一夜》中一个故事的启发，保罗·科埃略创作出版了寓言故事《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》（又译《炼金术士》）。这本书是保罗最成功的作品，为他赢得了无数奖项。
《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》讲述的是人生的寻梦历程：西班牙牧羊少年圣地亚哥做了两次同样的梦，梦见他能在埃及金字塔附近找到一批埋藏的珍宝。他跨海来到非洲，穿越一望无际的撒哈拉大沙漠，一路奇遇迭起，最后他终于看到了金字塔，并悟出了珍宝的藏身之地。《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》是一部关于追求梦想、完善人生的寓言故事，充满神秘色彩而又不脱离实际。少年虽然得到神的启发和帮助，但一路上仍然要经历无数劫难和诱惑才最终找到宝藏。这部富有强烈象征色彩的作品在世界各地受到盛赞，也是惟一一本译本语种超过《圣经》的书。对寓言故事的解读，从来就没有统一的答案，但似乎许多读过这本书的人都会被震撼、感动或从中获得启发，在实现梦想的道路上重新获得勇气，这也正是这本书成为传世经典、被无数人推崇的原因吧。
文章节选自第二章，少年因向往游历各地而当了一名牧羊人，他两次做梦看到自己在金字塔下找到宝藏，但他对此感到怀疑，没有动摇要当一个自由快乐的牧羊人的决心。他正准备到一个商人家卖羊毛，这时，撒冷之王出现了……
When you want something， all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.
“What was going on？ Are you really the King of Salem？” the boy asked， awed and embarrassed. “Why would a king be talking with a shepherd？”
“For several reasons. But let us say that the most important is that you have succeeded in discovering your destiny.”
The boy didn’t know what a person’s“destiny” was.
“It’s what you have always wanted to accomplish. Everyone， when they are young， knows what their destiny is. At that point in their lives， everything is clear and everything is possible. They are not afraid to dream， and to 1）yearn for everything they would like to see happen to them in their lives. But， as time passes， a mysterious force begins to convince them that it will be impossible for them to realize their destiny. It’s a force that appears to be negative， but actually shows you how to realize your destiny. It prepares your spirit and your will， because there is one great truth on this planet： whoever you are， or whatever it is that you do， when you really want something， it’s because that desire originated in the soul of the universe. It’s your mission on earth.”
“Even when all you want to do is travel？ Or marry the daughter of a textile merchant？”
“Yes， or even search for treasure. The soul of the world is nourished by people’s happiness and also by unhappiness， envy， and jealousy. To realize one’s destiny is a person’s only real obligation. All things are one. And， when you want something， all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.”
“Why do you tend a flock of sheep？” he asked.
“Because I like to travel.”
The old man pointed to a baker standing in his shop window at one corner of the plaza. “When he was a child， that man wanted to travel， too. But he decided first to buy his bakery and put some money aside. ” “He should have decided to become a shepherd，” the boy said.
“Well， he thought about that，” the old man said. “But bakers are more important people than shepherds. Bakers have homes， while shepherds sleep out in the open. Parents would rather see their children marry bakers than shepherds.”
The boy felt a pang in his heart， thinking about the merchant’s daughter. There was surely a baker in her town.
The old man continued， “In the long run， what people think about shepherds and bakers becomes more important for them than their own destinies.”
The old man 2）leafed through the book， and fell to reading a page he came to. The boy waited， and then interrupted the old man just as he himself had been interrupted， “Why are you telling me all this？”
“Because you are trying to realize your destiny. And you are at the point where you’re about to give it all up.”
“And that’s when you always appear on the scene？”
“Not always in this way， but I always appear in one form or another. Sometimes I appear in the form of a solution， or a good idea. At other times， at a crucial moment， I make it easier for things to happen. There are other things I do， too， but most of the time people don’t realize I’ve done them.”
The boy reminded the old man that he had said something about hidden treasure.
“Treasure is uncovered by the force of flowing water， and it is buried by the same currents，” said the old man. “If you want to learn about your own treasure， you will have to give me one-tenth of your flock.”
“What about one-tenth of my treasure？”
The old man looked disappointed. “If you start out by promising what you don’t even have yet， you’ll lose your desire to work toward getting it.”
“怎么回事，你真的是撒冷之王吗？”男孩问，带着敬畏和羞惭。“为什么一位国王会来跟一个牧羊人说话？”
“有几个原因。不过最重要的是你已经发现了自己的天命。”
男孩不懂一个人的“天命”是什么。
“天命就是你一直想去做的事。每个人在他们年轻的时候，都知道自己的天命。那时，每件事都很清晰，一切皆有可能。他们敢于梦想，也不畏惧去渴求生命中任何他们想要得到的事物。然而，随着岁月流逝，一股神秘的力量将会说服人们，让他们相信他们根本不可能完成自己的天命。这股力量看似消极，实则它是在引导你去完成你的天命。它能淬练你的精神、磨砺你的意志，因为世上有一个不朽的真理：不管你是谁，不管你是做什么的，要是你非常渴望某个事物，那是由于这个渴望源于天地之心。那就是你在世上的使命。”
“即使你所渴望的只不过是去旅行？或者是娶一位布料商人的女儿？”
“是的，或者甚至是去寻宝。天地之心依赖人们的幸福，或者不幸、嫉妒和猜忌而滋长。完成自己的天命，是每个人一生惟一的职责。万物都是一个联系的整体。而当你真心怀有某种渴望，整个宇宙都会联手帮助你实现愿望。”
“你为什么会想要当个牧羊人？”撒冷之王问。
“因为我想要旅行。”
广场一角有一家面包店，橱窗边站着一位面包师，老人指着他说，“在他年轻时，他也渴望去旅行，但他决定先买间面包店，攒些钱。”
“他实在应该去当牧羊人的，”男孩说。
“嗯，他曾经想过，”老人说，“不过，面包师傅的地位比牧羊人要高。面包师傅有自己的房屋，而牧羊人却只能露宿野外。每个父母都比较希望看到自己的孩子嫁给面包师傅，而不是牧羊人。”
男孩的心咚地跳了一下，想起了商人的女儿。在她镇上当然有个面包师了。
老人继续说道：“从长远看，别人对牧羊人和面包师的看法就会变得比自己的天命重要。”
老人翻阅着书本，准备读读翻到的那一页。男孩就在那儿等着，突然，他打断老人，就像老人当时突然跟他说话那样：“你为什么要跟我说这些？”
“因为你想要完成自己的天命，而你正好处在一个想要放弃它的时刻。”
“你总会在这种时刻出现吗？”
“不一定是以这种方式，但我总会出现，时而以这一种样子，时而又是另一种样子。有时我甚至是以一个难题的解决办法、一个好灵感的形式出现在人们面前；而在另外一些重要时刻，我会让事情变得简单一点。我还做过许多其他的事，不过大多数时候，人们并不知道我为他们做了那样的事情。”
男孩提醒老人他说过关于隐藏的宝藏的事情。
“宝藏要靠流水的力量冲刷才能现露出来，但也正是水流的力量把宝藏埋在地下。”老人说，“你如果想要知道你的宝藏的事情，就必须给我十分之一的羊。”
“我给你十分之一的宝藏行吗？”
老人露出失望的表情，“如果一开始就去许诺你根本还没拥有的东西，你就会失去获得它的欲望。”
《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》讲述的是人生的寻梦历程：西班牙牧羊少年圣地亚哥做了两次同样的梦，梦见他能在埃及金字塔附近找到一批埋藏的珍宝。他跨海来到非洲，穿越一望无际的撒哈拉大沙漠，一路奇遇迭起，最后他终于看到了金字塔，并悟出了珍宝的藏身之地。《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》是一部关于追求梦想、完善人生的寓言故事，充满神秘色彩而又不脱离实际。少年虽然得到神的启发和帮助，但一路上仍然要经历无数劫难和诱惑才最终找到宝藏。这部富有强烈象征色彩的作品在世界各地受到盛赞，也是惟一一本译本语种超过《圣经》的书。对寓言故事的解读，从来就没有统一的答案，但似乎许多读过这本书的人都会被震撼、感动或从中获得启发，在实现梦想的道路上重新获得勇气，这也正是这本书成为传世经典、被无数人推崇的原因吧。
文章节选自第二章，少年因向往游历各地而当了一名牧羊人，他两次做梦看到自己在金字塔下找到宝藏，但他对此感到怀疑，没有动摇要当一个自由快乐的牧羊人的决心。他正准备到一个商人家卖羊毛，这时，撒冷之王出现了……
When you want something， all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.
“What was going on？ Are you really the King of Salem？” the boy asked， awed and embarrassed. “Why would a king be talking with a shepherd？”
“For several reasons. But let us say that the most important is that you have succeeded in discovering your destiny.”
The boy didn’t know what a person’s“destiny” was.
“It’s what you have always wanted to accomplish. Everyone， when they are young， knows what their destiny is. At that point in their lives， everything is clear and everything is possible. They are not afraid to dream， and to 1）yearn for everything they would like to see happen to them in their lives. But， as time passes， a mysterious force begins to convince them that it will be impossible for them to realize their destiny. It’s a force that appears to be negative， but actually shows you how to realize your destiny. It prepares your spirit and your will， because there is one great truth on this planet： whoever you are， or whatever it is that you do， when you really want something， it’s because that desire originated in the soul of the universe. It’s your mission on earth.”
“Even when all you want to do is travel？ Or marry the daughter of a textile merchant？”
“Yes， or even search for treasure. The soul of the world is nourished by people’s happiness and also by unhappiness， envy， and jealousy. To realize one’s destiny is a person’s only real obligation. All things are one. And， when you want something， all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.”
“Why do you tend a flock of sheep？” he asked.
“Because I like to travel.”
The old man pointed to a baker standing in his shop window at one corner of the plaza. “When he was a child， that man wanted to travel， too. But he decided first to buy his bakery and put some money aside. ” “He should have decided to become a shepherd，” the boy said.
“Well， he thought about that，” the old man said. “But bakers are more important people than shepherds. Bakers have homes， while shepherds sleep out in the open. Parents would rather see their children marry bakers than shepherds.”
The boy felt a pang in his heart， thinking about the merchant’s daughter. There was surely a baker in her town.
The old man continued， “In the long run， what people think about shepherds and bakers becomes more important for them than their own destinies.”
The old man 2）leafed through the book， and fell to reading a page he came to. The boy waited， and then interrupted the old man just as he himself had been interrupted， “Why are you telling me all this？”
“Because you are trying to realize your destiny. And you are at the point where you’re about to give it all up.”
“And that’s when you always appear on the scene？”
“Not always in this way， but I always appear in one form or another. Sometimes I appear in the form of a solution， or a good idea. At other times， at a crucial moment， I make it easier for things to happen. There are other things I do， too， but most of the time people don’t realize I’ve done them.”
The boy reminded the old man that he had said something about hidden treasure.
“Treasure is uncovered by the force of flowing water， and it is buried by the same currents，” said the old man. “If you want to learn about your own treasure， you will have to give me one-tenth of your flock.”
“What about one-tenth of my treasure？”
The old man looked disappointed. “If you start out by promising what you don’t even have yet， you’ll lose your desire to work toward getting it.”
“怎么回事，你真的是撒冷之王吗？”男孩问，带着敬畏和羞惭。“为什么一位国王会来跟一个牧羊人说话？”
“有几个原因。不过最重要的是你已经发现了自己的天命。”
男孩不懂一个人的“天命”是什么。
“天命就是你一直想去做的事。每个人在他们年轻的时候，都知道自己的天命。那时，每件事都很清晰，一切皆有可能。他们敢于梦想，也不畏惧去渴求生命中任何他们想要得到的事物。然而，随着岁月流逝，一股神秘的力量将会说服人们，让他们相信他们根本不可能完成自己的天命。这股力量看似消极，实则它是在引导你去完成你的天命。它能淬练你的精神、磨砺你的意志，因为世上有一个不朽的真理：不管你是谁，不管你是做什么的，要是你非常渴望某个事物，那是由于这个渴望源于天地之心。那就是你在世上的使命。”
“即使你所渴望的只不过是去旅行？或者是娶一位布料商人的女儿？”
“是的，或者甚至是去寻宝。天地之心依赖人们的幸福，或者不幸、嫉妒和猜忌而滋长。完成自己的天命，是每个人一生惟一的职责。万物都是一个联系的整体。而当你真心怀有某种渴望，整个宇宙都会联手帮助你实现愿望。”
“你为什么会想要当个牧羊人？”撒冷之王问。
“因为我想要旅行。”
广场一角有一家面包店，橱窗边站着一位面包师，老人指着他说，“在他年轻时，他也渴望去旅行，但他决定先买间面包店，攒些钱。”
“他实在应该去当牧羊人的，”男孩说。
“嗯，他曾经想过，”老人说，“不过，面包师傅的地位比牧羊人要高。面包师傅有自己的房屋，而牧羊人却只能露宿野外。每个父母都比较希望看到自己的孩子嫁给面包师傅，而不是牧羊人。”
男孩的心咚地跳了一下，想起了商人的女儿。在她镇上当然有个面包师了。
老人继续说道：“从长远看，别人对牧羊人和面包师的看法就会变得比自己的天命重要。”
老人翻阅着书本，准备读读翻到的那一页。男孩就在那儿等着，突然，他打断老人，就像老人当时突然跟他说话那样：“你为什么要跟我说这些？”
“因为你想要完成自己的天命，而你正好处在一个想要放弃它的时刻。”
“你总会在这种时刻出现吗？”
“不一定是以这种方式，但我总会出现，时而以这一种样子，时而又是另一种样子。有时我甚至是以一个难题的解决办法、一个好灵感的形式出现在人们面前；而在另外一些重要时刻，我会让事情变得简单一点。我还做过许多其他的事，不过大多数时候，人们并不知道我为他们做了那样的事情。”
男孩提醒老人他说过关于隐藏的宝藏的事情。
“宝藏要靠流水的力量冲刷才能现露出来，但也正是水流的力量把宝藏埋在地下。”老人说，“你如果想要知道你的宝藏的事情，就必须给我十分之一的羊。”
“我给你十分之一的宝藏行吗？”
老人露出失望的表情，“如果一开始就去许诺你根本还没拥有的东西，你就会失去获得它的欲望。”