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目的分析青少年发展与心理弹性量表(RYDM)的信效度水平,三峡库区农村留守儿童心理弹性的现状及影响因素,评估此量表在重庆市三峡库区农村中学生群体中的适用性。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法选取重庆市三峡库区964名中学生接受量表的自评,使用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析(信效度检验、t检验、多元线性回归分析)。结果 (1)RYDM量表信效度:Cronbach’sα系数为0.945,斯皮尔曼分半信度为0.865,重测信度为0.838。两分量表与总量表之间的相关系数分别为0.896和0.9743,两分量表之间的相关系数为0.776。(2)心理弹性现状及影响因素:留守儿童在家庭亲密关系、家庭高期望值、社区高期望值的得分低于非留守儿童(P<0.05)。其心理弹性的影响因素包括:年龄、与监护人矛盾多少、对父母外出打工的担心程度(P<0.05)。结论 RYDM量表是进行三峡库区农村中学生心理弹性研究的有效工具。留守儿童的心理弹性与非留守儿童存在一定的差异,主要受到家庭因素的影响。
Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of RYDM, the present situation and influencing factors of psychological resilience of rural left-behind children in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and to evaluate the applicability of this scale in rural middle school students in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 964 high school students in the Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing for self-assessment of acceptance scale. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis (reliability and validity test, t-test and multivariate linear regression analysis). Results (1) The reliability and validity of the RYDM scale: Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.945, Spearman’s half reliability was 0.865, and the test-retest reliability was 0.838. The correlation coefficients between the two-component scale and the total scale were 0.896 and 0.9743 respectively, and the correlation coefficient between the two-component scale was 0.776. (2) Status and influencing factors of psychological resilience: Left-behind children in family intimacy, family expectations, community expectations score lower than non-left-behind children (P <0.05). Influencing factors of psychological resilience include: age, conflict with the guardian, and parents’ worries about going out to work (P <0.05). Conclusion The RYDM scale is an effective tool to study the psychological resilience of rural middle school students in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Left-behind children’s mental flexibility and non-left-behind children there are some differences, mainly due to family factors.