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在高层建筑中,人们靠电梯上下;在人流集中、来往频繁的公共建筑中(机场、车站、商店等)还同时采用自动扶梯。但是作为相邻各层间的联系或安全疏散,楼梯仍然是不可缺少的基本手段。有关楼梯的设计要求,各国的防火规范和设计法规均有具体的规定,内容大同小异。楼梯的平面形式 1.直(梯段)楼梯是最常用的一种形式,有单跑、双跑和三跑等类型,各梯段可平行布置或成一定角度。 2.弧形楼梯踏步略呈扇形,体型处理比较活泼有变化,富于装饰性。 3.有柱和无柱螺旋楼梯前者由于扇形踏步支承在中央立柱上,受顶高限制,坡度较陡,但节省空间和用地,多为内部(内部工作人员使用)楼梯或用于小住宅中;后者由于无中央立柱,以曲梁代之,内径加大,梯
In high-rise buildings, people go up and down by elevators; escalators are also used in public buildings where people are concentrated and frequent (airports, stations, shops, etc.). However, as a link between adjacent layers or safe evacuation, stairs are still indispensable basic means. Regarding the design requirements for stairs, national fire protection codes and design laws and regulations have specific provisions with similar content. Stairs in the form of a plane 1. Straight (ladder) stairs are the most commonly used form of a single run, double run and three run types, each ladder can be arranged in parallel or at an angle. 2. The arc-shaped stairs are slightly fan-shaped, and the body shape treatment is more lively and varied and full of decorative. 3. The pillared and non-column spiral staircase The former is supported on the center pillar due to fan-shaped steps. It is limited by the ceiling height and has a steep slope. However, it saves space and land, mostly for internal (used by internal staff) stairs or for small houses. The latter because there is no central column, instead of curved beam, the inner diameter increases, the ladder