为适应高速运输的需要，延长修理间隔周期和减少维修保养的费用，铁路研究人员开发新一代机车车辆滚动轴承也是当前一个重要课题。本文就承重构件的材质、热处理方法、接触几何形状、润滑油和改善保持架等等几个方面所采取的具体措施作较全面的论述。 In order to meet the needs of high-speed transportation, to extend the interval between repairs and to reduce the cost of maintenance and repair, railway researchers are also currently developing an important issue of rolling bearings for a new generation of rolling stock. In this paper, the concrete measures adopted in several aspects such as the material of the load-bearing member, the heat treatment method, the contact geometry, the lubricating oil and the improvement of the cage are discussed in more detail.