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《史记》行文简练,多用单音节词,双音节词和多音节词比较少,词类活用现象也比白话文多,且用词精练,含有大量默认值。根据其在结构和语篇以及文化网络方面的表现形式,可分成单值语法默认值、多值语法默认值和文化背景默认值三个主要方面。译者在翻译时既注意到要还原原文的生活体验,也要对翻译中的默认值有自己的认识,对其进行显化。这既是译者的翻译策略,也是内在于翻译过程本身的特点。译者对默认值的处理是有认知基础的,分别基于语法原则,语义原则,语用原则和认知参照点原则。《史记》英译过程中的默认值研究可促进翻译的人本观在古典文学翻译中的影响。
“Historical Records” is concise in writing, uses monosyllable words more frequently, has less double-syllable words and polysyllabic words, and has more use of words than vernacular Chinese. It also uses word refinement and contains a lot of default values. According to its manifestations in structure and discourse and cultural network, it can be divided into three main aspects: single-valued grammar defaults, multi-valued grammar defaults, and cultural background defaults. When translating, translators not only pay attention to the life experience of restoring the original text, but also have their own understanding of the default value in the translation and make it manifest. This is both a translator’s translation strategy and a feature of the translation process itself. The translator’s handling of default values is based on cognitive principles, based on grammar principles, semantic principles, pragmatic principles, and cognitive reference points. The study of the default value in the process of English translation of “Historical Records” can promote the influence of humanistic view of translation in classical literary translation.