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计算科学是一门正在兴起的综合性学科,它依赖于先进的计算机及计算技术对理论科学、大型实验、观测数据、应用科学、国防以及社会科学进行模型化、模拟与仿真、计算等。特别是对极复杂系统进行模型与程序化,然后利用计算机给出严格理论及实验无法达到的过程数据或者直接模拟出整个复杂过程的演变或者预测过程的发展趋势。对基础科学、应用科学、国防科学、社会科学以及工程技术等的发展有着不可估量的科学作用与经济效益。其中,随着信息化和网络化的不断普及与深入,社会动态变化的速度和规模已经提高到一个前所未有的水平,计算科学在社会科学中的深入应用,即计算社会科学也将成为科研信息化发展中一个新的热点。本刊对《Science》2009年2月发表的一篇关于计算社会科学的文章《Computational Social Science》进行了摘编,该文由美国多个大学及研究机构的共15名研究人员共同编写,文章从计算社会科学的数据获取、研究方法及其制约因素,以及人才的培养等几个方面,描述了计算社会科学的发展、讨论了社会科学研究的特点等。其主要目的是想借此文向广大读者介绍计算社会科学这一学科理念,推动这一对于提高社会科学研究水平和规范性的研究方法在国内的发展,并以此进一步繁荣我国社会科学研究工作。
Computational science is an emerging comprehensive discipline that relies on advanced computer and computing technologies to model, simulate, simulate and calculate theoretical science, large-scale experiments, observation data, applied science, national defense and social sciences. Especially to model and program very complicated systems. Then, the computer gives the process data that can not be achieved by rigorous theory and experiment, or directly simulates the evolution of the entire complex process or the development trend of the forecast process. On the basic sciences, applied sciences, national defense science, social sciences and engineering and other development has an immeasurable scientific role and economic benefits. Among them, with the continuous popularization and deepening of informatization and networking, the speed and scale of the social dynamic changes have been raised to an unprecedented level. The application of computational science in social sciences, that is, the calculation of social sciences, will also become an important part of scientific research informatization A new hot spot in development. This issue of Science published an article on Computational Social Science in Social Science in February 2009, which was co-authored by a total of 15 researchers from several universities and research institutes in the United States. Computing social science data acquisition, research methods and constraints, as well as personnel training and other aspects, describes the calculation of the development of social sciences, discusses the characteristics of social science research. Its main purpose is to take this article to introduce readers to the subject of calculating social sciences, to promote the development of the research methods in social science research and standardization in China and to further promote our social science research work .