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对沼气发酵生态系统中微生物群落的国内外研究动态进行了分析,指出了在生态学基本问题研究方面的不足之处,并提出了相关科学问题.在此基础上,针对生态学基本问题及相关科学问题,提出了相应的研究策略.首先,模拟某一区域(如云南)代表性气候区域沼气发酵系统的自然环境,在实验室建立对应生态系统模型,以及模拟自然环境(simulated natural environments)的纯培养分离、培养体系.其次,应用免培养分析法(cul-ture-independent methods)和所建立的分离培养体系,对系统不同发酵时期微生物群落全面的微生物多样性(包括纯培养)、群落结构与功能的时空动态进行研究.同时,记录发酵全过程非生物因子的动态,并进而通过生态因子综合分析,揭示系统厌氧消化过程中微生物群落的演替规律,包括生物因子间、生物因子与非生物因子间,以及非生物因子间的相关性,亦即系统蕴藏的生态学基本问题.再者,依据研究结果,建立高效厌氧消化活性污泥富集、驯化与培养新方法,设计具有应用前景的高效沼气发酵系统,从而为规模化应用奠定基础.最后,提出未培养微生物的可培养策略,为特定区域沼气发酵相关微生物资源的收集、保藏、研究与利用奠定基础.
The dynamics of microbial community in biogas fermentation ecosystem at home and abroad were analyzed, the deficiencies in the study of basic ecology problems were pointed out, and the related scientific problems were put forward.On this basis, the basic problems of ecology and related Scientific issues and put forward corresponding research strategies.Firstly, simulate the natural environment of biogas fermentation system in a certain region (such as Yunnan), set up corresponding ecosystem models in the laboratory and simulated natural environments Pure culture separation and culture system.Secondly, the comprehensive microbial diversity (including pure culture) and community structure of microbial community in different fermentation stages of the system were studied by means of cul-ture-independent methods and the established culture system, And the function of the space-time dynamic research.At the same time, record the whole process of non-biological factors in the fermentation dynamics, and then through the comprehensive analysis of ecological factors, reveal the system of anaerobic digestion in the succession of microbial communities, including biological factors, biological factors and Non-biological factors, as well as the correlation between non-biological factors, that is, the system contains Based on the results of the study, a new method of enrichment, acclimation and acclimation of activated sludge for high-efficiency anaerobic digestion was established and an efficient biogas fermentation system with potential application was designed to lay the foundation for large-scale application.Finally, The culturable strategy of uncultured microorganisms was proposed to lay the foundation for the collection, storage, research and utilization of the microbial resources related to biogas fermentation in a specific area.