本文主要就《六书音均表》一书探讨段玉裁在古音学上的成就和地位。其成就主要表现为:在继承先贤的研究方法和成果的基础上创新—首先是古韵分部上的创新,其次是理论和实践上的创新。如支脂之分立、尤侯分立、真文分立的论断,十七部排列次第与合韵说,同声必同部说,古三声说,语音分三期说等,正基于此,人们才第一次对古音有了较清晰的认识。同时,段氏还从语音角度解释假借、转注;并将古音理论运用于训诂实践中,因声求义,等等,为我国古音学的研究和发展做出了突出贡献。其音学地位若单从时间先后看,是承先启后的,而从乾嘉时代学术的特殊性考虑,确是遥遥领先的。 This paper mainly discusses the achievement and status of Duan Yucai in ancient phonetics based on the book “The Book of Six Voices”. Its achievements are mainly manifested as follows: on the basis of inheriting the research methods and achievements of the sages, innovations - first, innovation in the ancient rhyme division, followed by theoretical and practical innovation. Such as the separation of branches of fat, especially the Hou separation, the thesis is divided in essence, the seventeenth ranked second with Hop Yun said simultaneous Ministry will be the same, the ancient three said that speech is divided into three phases, etc., is based on this, people For the first time on the ancient sound has a clearer understanding. At the same time, Duan also explains the hypocrisy and the transfer from the phonetic perspective; and applies the ancient phonetic theory to the exegesis and practice, because of the phonetics, and so on, has made outstanding contributions to the research and development of ancient Chinese phonology. If its metrical status is viewed from time to time, it is the first and foremost, and from the perspective of the special nature of the Qianghua era, it is indeed far ahead.