聚合物的一级结构为理想完整的长分子链；其中的电子和离子贡献快极化效应．长链的拓扑形变给出二级结构，而三级结构由许多形变后的链组成，聚合物的二和三级结构贡献的都是慢极化．冷冻时域介电谱方法证明，在聚合物的β转变中二和三级结构软化，但一级结构不变．这种方法可将冷冻于聚合物中的各快和慢分量分开． The primary structure of the polymer is the perfect long chain of molecules; the electrons and ions therein contribute to the fast polarization effect. The long chain topological deformation gives the secondary structure, while the tertiary structure consists of many deformed chains, and the secondary and tertiary structures of the polymer contribute to slow polarization. Cryogenic time-domain dielectric spectroscopy demonstrates that the second- and third-order structures soften in the β-transformation of polymers, but the primary structure remains unchanged. This method separates the fast and slow components frozen in the polymer.