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贞德作为中古末期的真实人物在法国国家的形成中起到重要的作用,对历史的进程起到持续、积极的影响。然而,1431年贞德被俘后被宗教裁判所判为异端和女巫,处以火刑,尽管1452年教会又重新审理此案,1456年贞德予以平反,1905年教皇致以祝福,1920年封圣,但是在19世纪之前,从官方到知识阶层及百姓并没有人真正认识到贞德的贡献,反而更多是负面的,很多人对贞德的认识与女巫、淫秽相关,如莎士比亚的戏剧《亨利六世》、1729年伏尔泰的史诗《奥尔良少女》。到19世纪,有关贞德的图像在法国随处可见,成为民族自由与独立的象征。这其中有着观念的重要作用。中世纪历史学家R·A·布朗说:“欧洲的
Joan of Arc played an important role as a real figure in the late Middle Ages in the formation of the French state and played a sustained and positive impact on the course of history. However, after Joan of Arc was captured in 1431, he was sentenced to heresy and witches by the inquisition, and was put on fire. Although Joan of thence reopened the case in 1452, Joan of Arc was rehabilitated in 1456. The Pope gave his best wishes in 1905, However, before the 19th century, no one from the official to the intelligentsia and the people truly realized the contribution of Joan of Arc. Instead, it was more negative. Many people’s knowledge of Joan of Arc was related to witches and obscenities such as Shakespeare’s drama Henry VI world ”, Voltaire’s epic 1721“ Orleans girl. ” By the 19th century, the images of Joan of Arc were everywhere in France and became a symbol of national freedom and independence. This has an important role in the concept. The medieval historian RB Brown said: "Europe