多黏菌素类(多黏菌素B和黏菌素)为治疗某些多重耐药需氧革兰阴性杆菌所致感染的最后手段。然而,这些多肽类抗生素耐药的报道日益增加而备受关注,尤其上述耐药常伴有对现有β内酰胺类抗生素(除外头孢他啶-阿维巴坦)耐药。最近一项全球对肠杆菌科细菌的调查发现,12% Polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) are the last resort to treat infections caused by certain multidrug-resistant aerobic gram-negative bacilli. However, there is a growing concern that these peptide antibiotics have been reported to be more and more escalated. In particular, these drug resistances are often accompanied by resistance to existing β-lactam antibiotics (except ceftazidime -avirbatan). A recent global survey of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria found that 12%