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本文专门论述以不同文化背景为基础的汉译英时常遇到的窘境(Dilemma)。“直译”和“意译”是几千年来中西翻译界长期争论不休的问题。本文首先介绍了十数位中、西翻译界的先驱以及他们对翻译理论的贡献及对直译及意译的不同处理方式。其次,作者指出直译或意译是翻译界的永恒话题。有时自由度大一些,有时自由度小一些。第三,作者提出了作一个合格汉译英工作者的五点要求。最后,作者通过大量的精彩汉译英实例(历史的、眼前的),提出在汉译英时不仅要弄懂原文,而且要细心观察外国人是怎样使用英语的,怎样表达才是地道的英语,才是具有时代感的英语。
This article deals specifically with Dilemma, which is frequently encountered by Chinese translators and translators based on different cultural backgrounds. “Literal translation” and “free translation” are problems that have been debated in the Chinese and Western translation circles for thousands of years. This paper first introduces the pioneers of the Chinese and Western translation circles in the tens of digits and their contribution to translation theory and the different approaches to literal translation and free translation. Second, the author pointed out that literal translation or free translation is an eternal topic in translation. Sometimes the degree of freedom is greater, sometimes the degree of freedom is smaller. Third, the author put forward five requirements for a qualified Chinese-English translator. In the end, the author puts forward a large number of wonderful Chinese-English translation examples (historical and immediate) and proposes not only to understand the original text when translating Chinese into English, but also to carefully observe how foreigners use English and how to express it is authentic English. It is English with a sense of the times.