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目前,国内使用的工业锅炉约30万台左右,每年耗煤达3亿吨,约占全国总能耗的三分之一,大部分为2T/H以下的小型炉炉,这种小型锅炉由于没有尾部受热面,排烟温度高达200～300℃,排烟热损失大,效率低,平均热效率只有60％左右。为节约能源,回收小型工业锅炉的烟气余热是提高锅炉热效率的关键。小型工业锅炉装上余热回收装置后,一段可提高锅炉热效率3～10％,若平均按6％计算,全国每年节煤可达1500万吨,经济效益是十分显著的。针对煤种多变的小型工业锅炉的特点,提高炉温,强化燃烧过程,促使煤碳燃尽烧透,降低灰渣含碳量,改善传热,利用余热来减少排烟热损失致关重要。根据本人多年从事热管应用的经验及有关单位提供的数据,将工业锅炉尾部受热面的选型,及综合经济效益作一对比。
At present, about 300,000 industrial boilers are used domestically, consuming 300 million tons of coal each year, accounting for about one-third of the total national energy consumption, most of which are small furnaces below 2T / H. Due to No tail heating surface, exhaust gas temperature up to 200 ~ 300 ℃, exhaust heat loss, low efficiency, the average thermal efficiency is only about 60%. To save energy, the recovery of flue gas waste heat from small industrial boilers is the key to increasing the boiler’s thermal efficiency. Small industrial boilers equipped with waste heat recovery unit, a period of boiler thermal efficiency can be increased 3 to 10%, if calculated on average 6%, the annual coal saving up to 15 million tons, the economic benefits are very significant. In view of the characteristics of small and changeable coal-fired industrial boilers, it is important to increase the temperature of the furnace, enhance the combustion process, promote the burnout of coal, reduce the carbon content of the ash, improve the heat transfer, and reduce the heat loss by exhaust heat . According to my years of experience in the application of heat pipe and the data provided by the relevant units, the selection of the heated surface of the rear of the industrial boiler, and a comprehensive comparison of economic benefits.