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西方国有企业的经营领域在不同的国度不尽一致。在美国和日本,国有企业多集中在交通、邮电、能源、公用事业、银行等部门,即所谓非竞争性产业。这些产业或因投资巨大,私人资本无力承担,或因无刺可图,私人资本不愿经营。但在西欧国家特别是法国、意大利等国,国有企业不仅控制着基础产业,而且广泛涉及几乎所有的工业部门。国有企业往往是规模巨大,实力雄厚,具有强大竞争力的一流企业。这类企业通过控股公司控制成千上万的工商金融企业,从而形成巨大的国有经济网络。
The management of Western state-owned enterprises in different countries are not the same. In the United States and Japan, state-owned enterprises are mostly concentrated in sectors such as transportation, telecommunications, energy, public utilities and banking, the so-called non-competitive industries. These industries may not be run by private capital either because they are huge investments, private capital can not afford them, or because they are unprotected. However, in Western European countries, especially France and Italy, state-owned enterprises not only control the basic industries but also cover almost all industrial sectors. State-owned enterprises tend to be first-rate enterprises with huge scale, strong strength and strong competitiveness. Such enterprises controlled tens of thousands of industrial and commercial financial enterprises through holding companies, thus forming a huge state-owned economic network.