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目的分析三明市流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法收集1950—2012年的疫情资料进行分析。结果 1950—2012年累计报告流脑21 236例,死亡1 593例,年均发病率16.51/10万,年均死亡率1.24/10万,病死率7.5%,1990年后,发病率控制在1/10万以下,呈散发状态,流脑发病具有明显季节性,以春季为主(2~4月),占80.6%。1990—2012年0~14岁占72.6%(90/124),学生占51.6%(64/124)。A群流脑疫苗接种的实施,改变了流脑周期性流行规律,其发病水平明显降低,流行高峰不复存在,城乡发病率水平基本趋于一致。结论防控流脑的发病应采取疫苗接种为主的综合措施,同时应加强流脑血清学监测。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (MCI) in Sanming City and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemic data collected from 1950 to 2012 were analyzed. Results A total of 21 236 cases of meningitis and 1 593 deaths were reported from 1950 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 16.51 / 100 000, an average annual mortality of 1.24 / 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 7.5%. After 1990, the morbidity was controlled at 1 / 100,000, was distributed, the onset of meningitis has obvious seasonal, mainly in spring (February to April), accounting for 80.6%. Between 1990 and 2012, children aged 0-14 accounted for 72.6% (90/124), students accounted for 51.6% (64/124). The implementation of Group A meningitis vaccination changed the periodic epidemic pattern of meningococci, the incidence of which was significantly reduced, the peak of epidemic no longer existed, and the prevalence of urban and rural areas tended to be the same. Conclusion The prevention and control of the incidence of meningitis should be taken as a comprehensive vaccination-based measures should also strengthen the meningococcal serological surveillance.