论文部分内容阅读
1982～1984年在西北农业大学利用逆序系数和分辨系数研究陕西三大麦区——陕南(长江中下游平原类型)、关中(黄淮平原类型)和陕北(黄土高原类型)地区生产上先后推广的小麦41个品种的演变规律。1 陕西低纬度(陕南)到高纬度(陕北)小麦品种类型的变化 ①春性依次减弱,冬性逐渐增强。②株穗数、株粒数和植株高度显著逐渐增加。③单穗粒重,单穗粒数和籽秆比显著逐渐减少;千籽重和穗子长度亦减小。④叶片变窄变短,面积显著减小。 陕西低纬度地带(陕南)冬季较温暖,春季气温回升快,雨量充沛。品种春性强、株型矮小、冬季分蘖少、春季发育早,叶片肥大,单株成穗少,形成春性矮秆少蘖(穗)宽叶粗茎的大粒多粒大穗类型。高纬度地带(陕北)冬季严酷,春季气温回升慢,干旱,降雨量少。品种耐寒耐冻,耐旱耐瘠性强,形成冬性高秆多蘖(穗)窄叶、细茎的小粒少粒穗类型。前者喜水耐肥,秆矮抗倒伏性强,以大穗获高产;后者耐旱耐瘠以蘖增穗获高产。关中灌区已由过去的冬性品种麦区转成冬春性品种混播麦区,品种类型发生了明显的变化。
From 1982 to 1984, the author studied the three major barley areas in Shaanxi, ie, the south of the Yangtze River plain, the Guanzhong Plain, the Huanghuai Plain and the northern Shaanxi (Loess Plateau) by using the coefficients of reverse order and the resolution coefficients Popularization of wheat varieties of 41 evolution. 1 Varieties of wheat varieties at low latitudes (from southern Shaanxi) to high latitudes (northern Shaanxi) ① The springness gradually weakened and the winteriness gradually increased. ② The number of plant spikes, number of plants and plant height increased significantly. ③ grain weight per spike, grain number per spike and stalk ratio decreased significantly; seed weight and ear length also reduced. ④ blade becomes shorter and shorter, the area is significantly reduced. Shaanxi low latitudes (southern Shaanxi) is warmer in winter, the spring temperatures pick up fast, abundant rainfall. Varieties spring strong, short plant type, less winter tillering, early spring development, leaf hypertrophy, single spike per plant, the formation of spring dwarf small tiller (panicle) large stems big grain large grain panicle type. Winter in high latitudes (northern Shaanxi) is harsh, spring temperatures rise slowly, drought, less rainfall. Cold-resistant variety of cold, drought and barren strong, forming winter tall and more tiller (spike) narrow leaves, small stems of small grain type. The former hi water resistance, short stalk lodging resistance to large ears to be high yield; the latter drought-resistant barren tillering ear by high yield. Guanzhong Irrigation Area has been transformed from past winter wheat varieties into winter and spring mixed wheat planting areas, and the varieties have undergone obvious changes.