明代南京马快船是政府经营的一支船队,最初是由运输军马和辎重而得名,永乐以后。主要为王室运输生活享受的各种物品,及视需要而服役。其驾船小甲水手,是通过徭役编佥而来,马船从民户中编佥,快船从军户中编佥,体制不同,较为复杂。随着甲夫遭受的压迫和剥削加重,他们纷纷逃亡,编佥制度遭到破坏,于是便出现了万历年间的改革,主要是从力役改为征银,雇役应差,即从力差改为银差,力差的货币化,是社会商品经济发展的必然结果,是社会的进步。但是,这种改革属改良性质,无法解决船政制度带来的各种弊端。从南京马快船的发展演变过程来考察,其对国计民生的影响是很大的。 Ming Dynasty Nanjing Horse Clippers is a government-run fleet, originally named after the transport armies and slaves, after the Yongle. Mainly for the royal transport life to enjoy a variety of items, and serve as needed. The small boat sailor who drives the boat is compiled by the military corvee. Horse boats are compiled from households and the speedboats are compiled from military families. The system is different and complicated. As a result of the pressure and exploitation exacerbated by Jiafu, they all ran away and the system of editing was destroyed. As a result, the reforms in the Wanli years were mainly carried out from the labor service to the leasing of silver and the poor employment, To silver poor, poor currency, is the inevitable result of the development of social commodity economy, is the social progress. However, this reform is of an improved nature and can not solve the various disadvantages brought by the system of shipping administration. From the development of Nanjing Horse Clippers to examine the evolution process, its impact on national economy and the people’s livelihood is great.