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建筑施工现场,手头有经纬仪而没有水准仪时,同样可以进行水准测量。水准测量的原理就是用一条水平视线,借助于带有分划的标尺来测定地面两点间的高差,从而解决高程测设的问题。经纬仪的望远镜在俯仰过程中,当视线的竖直角为0°时,望远镜视准轴标定的方向即为水平视线方向。如同水准仪应满足水准管轴平行于视准轴这一主要条件一样,为了减小测量的误差,需要测量出经纬仪的竖盘指标差,并校正,使它绝对值小于20″。例如,对于北京光学仪器厂生产的DJ6型光学经纬仪,由盘左、盘右位置
At the construction site, leveling can also be performed when there is a theodolite and there is no level. The principle of leveling measurement is to use a horizontal line of sight and measure the height difference between two points on the ground by means of a scale with a dividing line, so as to solve the problem of elevation setting. In the pitching process of the theodolite’s telescope, when the vertical angle of view is 0°, the direction of the telescope sighting axis is the horizontal line of sight. Just as the level meter should meet the main condition that the leveling tube axis is parallel to the sighting axis, in order to reduce the measurement error, the vertical dish index difference of the theodolite needs to be measured and corrected so that its absolute value is less than 20′′. For example, for Beijing DJ6 optical theodolite manufactured by Optical Instrument Factory, from left to right