尼古拉·瓦维洛夫是植物遗传学和作物育种历史上最有影响的人物之一。我们应当把世界农作物多中心起源的概念归功于他。本文追溯了瓦维洛夫非凡的生活和经历,从他在贝特森领导下从事研究的早年,到他进行重大植物学考察的年代,最后到他过早地、悲惨地离去。 Nikolai Vavilov is one of the most influential figures in the history of plant genetics and crop breeding. We owe him the concept of the polycentric origins of the world's crops. This essay traces back to Vavilov's extraordinary life and experience, from the earliest years of his career under Büssten, to the years in which he conducted major botanical investigations, and ended up prematurely and tragically.