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当代社会主义中的苏联模式,是指30年代在苏联首先形成、以后又扩展到其它社会主义国家,具有高度集权的经济政治体制的社会主义模式。苏联模式赖以形成的特殊的社会历史条件决定了这一模式的内在矛盾,这些矛盾一方面促成了这一模式的发展,另一方面也造成了对这一模式进行改革的动因和基础。50年代以来,当代社会主义国家的改革风起云涌,无论是改革的内容和程度,还是改革的成就和困难,都应由苏联模式内部的矛盾来解释。因而深入地探讨这些矛盾,对于从理论上认识当代社会主义改革的实质和在实践中推动改革的发展,都具有重要的意义。
The Soviet model in contemporary socialism refers to the socialist model with the highly centralized economic and political system that was first formed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and later extended to other socialist countries. The special social and historical conditions upon which the Soviet model was formed have determined the inherent contradictions of this model. On the one hand, these contradictions have contributed to the development of this model. On the other hand, it has also created the motivation and basis for the reform of this model. Since the 1950s, the current reform of the socialist countries has been surging. Both the content and extent of the reforms, as well as the achievements and difficulties of the reforms, should be explained by the internal contradictions in the Soviet model. Therefore, in-depth discussion of these contradictions is of great significance for understanding the essence of contemporary socialist reforms in theory and for promoting the development of reforms in practice.