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在全国高中、中专以及技工学校的物理教学中常以水波作为横波之例来讲述,并均以浅水槽中的水波来演示波的干涉与衍射现象,这主要是利用了水波演示的直观性强,成功性大和学生感性知识多的优点。且波动的基本性质对所有的波均一律适用。但必须指出的是,如引导不当,会使学生产生误解,认为水波就是课本中所讲的那种弹性横波,甚至有的老师也认为水波就是横波,这是不当的。实际上水波是一种液面波,它是很复杂的,常见的液面波有重力波和表面张力波。本文就小振幅重力波的有关问题,谈点看法,以供参考。
In the physics teaching of high schools, technical secondary schools and technical schools throughout the country, water waves are often used as examples of shear waves, and wave interference and diffraction phenomena are demonstrated by the waves in the shallow water tanks. This is mainly due to the intuitiveness of the water wave demonstration. The advantages of success and students’ perceptual knowledge are many. And the basic nature of fluctuations applies to all waves. However, it must be pointed out that if misconducted, students will be misunderstood and think that the water waves are the kind of elastic shear waves mentioned in the textbooks. Even some teachers think that the water waves are transverse waves, which is inappropriate. In fact, the water wave is a kind of liquid surface wave, which is very complicated. The common liquid surface waves have gravity waves and surface tension waves. This article will discuss some issues related to small-amplitude gravity waves for reference.