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摘 要： 本文以《水浒传》中常见词“厮”为研究对象，探讨和分析了其在三个不同的译文本中的翻译情况。研究表明，三个译文对此词的处理各异，其中赛译的译法较为单一，而沙译和登译则呈现出多样化，根据上下文能译出比较恰当的对应语。
关键词： 《水浒传》 词语英译 “厮”
一、引言
《水浒传》又名《忠义水浒传》，是中国历史上第一部用白话文写成的章回小说，也是中国四大名著之一，生动地描写了梁山好汉们从起义到兴盛再到最终失败的全过程，特别是通过写众多草莽英雄不同的人生经历和反抗道路。其语言生动、准确、明快、洗练，因而在国内外广泛传播。从1933年到2002年，《水浒传》已经有四个英语全译本。按时间顺序分别是1933年美国学者赛珍珠的译本All Men Are Brothers，该译本是七十回本；英国学者杰克逊1963年出的也是七十回本，译名是Water Margin；1980年中籍美人沙博理的译本是一百回，名为Outlaws of the Marsh；1994年到2002年香港中文大学陆续出版了英国学者登特-杨翻译的一百二十回本，译名总称是The Marshes of Mount Liang，但由五卷组成，每卷有不同的命名（下文为简化起见，将四种译文分别称为赛译、杰译、沙译和登译）。由于《水浒传》的版本十分繁杂，各译本的底本不尽相同，其中赛译和杰译依据的是金圣叹腰斩《水浒传》七十回本；沙译的前七十回是依据金圣叹的评定本；而登译的汉语底本比较复杂，参照较多。由于杰译和原文的出入较大，本文仅以赛译、杰译和登译的部分译文为参照，汉语文本参照的是岳麓出版社出版的《水浒全传》，研究分析该小说中常用词“厮”的翻译情况。
二、译例
例1：高俅喝道：“这厮！你爷是街上使花棒卖药的，你省得甚么武艺？”（第二回）
赛译：Kao then rebuked him loudly，saying，“You fellow!Your father was nothing but a traveling pedlar of medicine and plasters who exhibited his skill at weapons merely as a means of drawing a crowd，and what do you know of military skill?”
沙译：“Rogue，”cried Gao.“Your father was only a medicine pedlar who twirled a staff to attract to crowd.What do you know about military arts?”
登译：“Well，you scum，your father was a mountebank who gave staff-play exhibitions with a painted stick and sold patent medicines in the market，what do you know of the military arts?”
例2：李吉寻思道：“这厮醉了，……那里讨得许多？”（第二回）
赛译：Li Chi meditated a little in his heart，saying to himself，“This man is drunk with wine.Where did he get all this silver?”
沙译：“The knave is drunk，”he thought.“Where did he get so much money?”
登译：“The bastard’s drunk，”Li Ji said to himself.Where did he get all this?”
例3：鲁达寻思道：“俺只指望打这厮一顿，不想三拳真个打死了他。（第三回）
赛译：Then Lu Ta thought a little to himself thus：“I only hoped to hit him hard the once.I did not dream that in three blows I would really kill him.”
沙译：“I only wanted to give the varlet a beating，”he said to himself.“Who would have thought that three blows would kill him?”
登译：“I only wanted to give the blighter a good drubbing，I didn’t think three blows would kill him.”
例4：林冲上得楼上，寻不见高衙内，问娘子道：“不曾被这厮点污了？”（第七回）
赛译：Ling Ch’ung came into the room and sought for him but could not find him.He asked his wife，“Have you been despoiled by that thing?”
沙译：He was gone before Lin Chong entered the room.“Did that dog violate you?”demanded the arms instructor.
登译：By the time Lin Chong got there he was gone.“Has anything happened yet?”Lin Chong asked his wife.
例5：“王伦那厮不肯胡乱著人，因此，我弟兄们看了这般样，一齐都心懒了。”（第十五回）
赛译：“That Wang Lun will not allow just anyone to come before him.And for this we brothers，seeing this，have had all our hearts stopped.”
沙译：“Wang Lun is very fussy about who he takes on.Since that’s the way things are，we’ve lost interest.”
登译：“The lousy bugger just doesn’t take to newcomers.So seeing as that’s the way it is，we didn’t feel like trying.”
例6：“晁盖这厮奸顽役户，本县内上下人没一个不怪他。今番做出来了，好教他受！”（第十八回）
赛译：“Such fellows as this Ch’ao Kai are but evil，stupid men.In our court high and low，there is not one who does not accuse him of this and that and now today he has really committed something and we will make him suffer for it.”
沙译：“That dirty scoundrel.Everyone in the county hates him.So now he’s come to this.We’ll make him pay!”
登译：“Chao Gai is an obstinate bastard，an utter disgrace，in fact，and there’s no one in the district who hasn’t cause to complain of him.This time he’s gone too far and we’ll have to teach him a lesson.”
例7：阮小二提将上岸来，指著骂道：“你这厮是济州一个诈害百姓的蠢虫！（第十九回）
赛译：Juan The Second lifted him up onto the land and pointing at him he cursed him，saying，“You are that stupid worm of Chi Chou who oppresses the people!
沙译：Second carried him to the bank and pointed at him angrily.“You wretched beast!You extort and squeeze the people of Jizhou!
登译：Ruan the Second heaved him out onto the bank.“You’re one of those filthy Jizhou swine who oppress the people!”he shouted at him.
三、分析
提取“厮”以上对应的译语，赛译分别是：fellow，man，him，thing，you，them或略去不译；沙译分别是rogue，knave，varlet，dog，villain，scoundrel，beast，rowdies或略去不译；登译分别是scum，bastard，blighter，bugger，you，brigands或略去不译。
据《现代汉语词典》，“厮”这一词在用于早期的白话中时有两个意义，一为男性仆人，另一个是对人的轻视称呼。据此可以发现赛译基本翻译成了第一种意义；而沙译和登译则基本翻译成第二种意义，尤其是沙译基本都是语气强烈的贬义词。
试分析第三例：鲁达寻思道：“俺只指望打这厮一顿，不想三拳真个打死了他。”这句中的这厮指的是郑屠“镇关西”，众所周知，他欺压良民，是一个恶棍。赛译译为him，仅作为一般的称呼译出；沙译为varlet，意为“无赖，流氓，恶棍”；登译为blighter，意为“讨厌的家伙，可怜的”对比发现，沙译出郑屠恶棍的形象，可谓恨之入骨，而登译一方面译出了“镇关西”可恶一面，另一方面，其的死亡又是令人可怜的，结合上下文的语境，可以得出登译不失为一佳译。
参考文献：
［1］Buck，P.S.（trans.） All Men Are Brothers.New York：The John Day Company，1933，vol.1，vol.2.
［2］Dent-Young
关键词： 《水浒传》 词语英译 “厮”
一、引言
《水浒传》又名《忠义水浒传》，是中国历史上第一部用白话文写成的章回小说，也是中国四大名著之一，生动地描写了梁山好汉们从起义到兴盛再到最终失败的全过程，特别是通过写众多草莽英雄不同的人生经历和反抗道路。其语言生动、准确、明快、洗练，因而在国内外广泛传播。从1933年到2002年，《水浒传》已经有四个英语全译本。按时间顺序分别是1933年美国学者赛珍珠的译本All Men Are Brothers，该译本是七十回本；英国学者杰克逊1963年出的也是七十回本，译名是Water Margin；1980年中籍美人沙博理的译本是一百回，名为Outlaws of the Marsh；1994年到2002年香港中文大学陆续出版了英国学者登特-杨翻译的一百二十回本，译名总称是The Marshes of Mount Liang，但由五卷组成，每卷有不同的命名（下文为简化起见，将四种译文分别称为赛译、杰译、沙译和登译）。由于《水浒传》的版本十分繁杂，各译本的底本不尽相同，其中赛译和杰译依据的是金圣叹腰斩《水浒传》七十回本；沙译的前七十回是依据金圣叹的评定本；而登译的汉语底本比较复杂，参照较多。由于杰译和原文的出入较大，本文仅以赛译、杰译和登译的部分译文为参照，汉语文本参照的是岳麓出版社出版的《水浒全传》，研究分析该小说中常用词“厮”的翻译情况。
二、译例
例1：高俅喝道：“这厮！你爷是街上使花棒卖药的，你省得甚么武艺？”（第二回）
赛译：Kao then rebuked him loudly，saying，“You fellow!Your father was nothing but a traveling pedlar of medicine and plasters who exhibited his skill at weapons merely as a means of drawing a crowd，and what do you know of military skill?”
沙译：“Rogue，”cried Gao.“Your father was only a medicine pedlar who twirled a staff to attract to crowd.What do you know about military arts?”
登译：“Well，you scum，your father was a mountebank who gave staff-play exhibitions with a painted stick and sold patent medicines in the market，what do you know of the military arts?”
例2：李吉寻思道：“这厮醉了，……那里讨得许多？”（第二回）
赛译：Li Chi meditated a little in his heart，saying to himself，“This man is drunk with wine.Where did he get all this silver?”
沙译：“The knave is drunk，”he thought.“Where did he get so much money?”
登译：“The bastard’s drunk，”Li Ji said to himself.Where did he get all this?”
例3：鲁达寻思道：“俺只指望打这厮一顿，不想三拳真个打死了他。（第三回）
赛译：Then Lu Ta thought a little to himself thus：“I only hoped to hit him hard the once.I did not dream that in three blows I would really kill him.”
沙译：“I only wanted to give the varlet a beating，”he said to himself.“Who would have thought that three blows would kill him?”
登译：“I only wanted to give the blighter a good drubbing，I didn’t think three blows would kill him.”
例4：林冲上得楼上，寻不见高衙内，问娘子道：“不曾被这厮点污了？”（第七回）
赛译：Ling Ch’ung came into the room and sought for him but could not find him.He asked his wife，“Have you been despoiled by that thing?”
沙译：He was gone before Lin Chong entered the room.“Did that dog violate you?”demanded the arms instructor.
登译：By the time Lin Chong got there he was gone.“Has anything happened yet?”Lin Chong asked his wife.
例5：“王伦那厮不肯胡乱著人，因此，我弟兄们看了这般样，一齐都心懒了。”（第十五回）
赛译：“That Wang Lun will not allow just anyone to come before him.And for this we brothers，seeing this，have had all our hearts stopped.”
沙译：“Wang Lun is very fussy about who he takes on.Since that’s the way things are，we’ve lost interest.”
登译：“The lousy bugger just doesn’t take to newcomers.So seeing as that’s the way it is，we didn’t feel like trying.”
例6：“晁盖这厮奸顽役户，本县内上下人没一个不怪他。今番做出来了，好教他受！”（第十八回）
赛译：“Such fellows as this Ch’ao Kai are but evil，stupid men.In our court high and low，there is not one who does not accuse him of this and that and now today he has really committed something and we will make him suffer for it.”
沙译：“That dirty scoundrel.Everyone in the county hates him.So now he’s come to this.We’ll make him pay!”
登译：“Chao Gai is an obstinate bastard，an utter disgrace，in fact，and there’s no one in the district who hasn’t cause to complain of him.This time he’s gone too far and we’ll have to teach him a lesson.”
例7：阮小二提将上岸来，指著骂道：“你这厮是济州一个诈害百姓的蠢虫！（第十九回）
赛译：Juan The Second lifted him up onto the land and pointing at him he cursed him，saying，“You are that stupid worm of Chi Chou who oppresses the people!
沙译：Second carried him to the bank and pointed at him angrily.“You wretched beast!You extort and squeeze the people of Jizhou!
登译：Ruan the Second heaved him out onto the bank.“You’re one of those filthy Jizhou swine who oppress the people!”he shouted at him.
三、分析
提取“厮”以上对应的译语，赛译分别是：fellow，man，him，thing，you，them或略去不译；沙译分别是rogue，knave，varlet，dog，villain，scoundrel，beast，rowdies或略去不译；登译分别是scum，bastard，blighter，bugger，you，brigands或略去不译。
据《现代汉语词典》，“厮”这一词在用于早期的白话中时有两个意义，一为男性仆人，另一个是对人的轻视称呼。据此可以发现赛译基本翻译成了第一种意义；而沙译和登译则基本翻译成第二种意义，尤其是沙译基本都是语气强烈的贬义词。
试分析第三例：鲁达寻思道：“俺只指望打这厮一顿，不想三拳真个打死了他。”这句中的这厮指的是郑屠“镇关西”，众所周知，他欺压良民，是一个恶棍。赛译译为him，仅作为一般的称呼译出；沙译为varlet，意为“无赖，流氓，恶棍”；登译为blighter，意为“讨厌的家伙，可怜的”对比发现，沙译出郑屠恶棍的形象，可谓恨之入骨，而登译一方面译出了“镇关西”可恶一面，另一方面，其的死亡又是令人可怜的，结合上下文的语境，可以得出登译不失为一佳译。
参考文献：
［1］Buck，P.S.（trans.） All Men Are Brothers.New York：The John Day Company，1933，vol.1，vol.2.
［2］Dent-Young